History of vases (Lada)

"VAZ", "Volga aVtomobilny plant» (VAZ), a Russian company specializing in the production of passenger cars "Lada", "Harmony" and "Field" (off-road). Its headquarters are in Togliatti (Samara region). Construction of the plant began in 1967. The Council of Ministers appointed a deputy. Minister automotive VN Polyakov General Director of the plant under construction, and the chief designer of the VAZ Solv'yev. First and foremost, designed to produce 220 thousand cars a year, was commissioned in 1971. The basis for the production of a subcompact five-seater body "VAZ-2101" was taken "FIAT-124." Power four-cylinder engine is 60 liters. a., maximum speed - 140 km / h "Lada" conceived as the people's car, which is at a relatively low price could saturate the "insatiable" Soviet market. But designers and factory engineers and mechanics in the future faced with many problems that have prevented effective problem-solving. Immediately had to abandon the idea of ​​affordable cars for the average person. With each new model, the price of "Lada" significantly increased. However, the problem of saturation of the market to some extent solved, because the goods "vase" does not lie (in the late 70's there were "Lada" with a body "versatile"). In addition, in 1977, a new all-wheel drive model "Niva" - VAZ-2121. Nevertheless, the process of improvement "Lada", and then in 80 years the export version of "Harmony" never stops printing. During the Soviet period of mastered the production of nine models, among which the most popular are, except the first, sixth and ninth leading the front wheels of the model ("six" is available so far, its gradual replacement of "tens" began in 1997). VAZ-2102 - a classic five-door hatchback the first family, the back door opens upwards, produced in the years 1972-1986. At one time he deservedly received the glory of "best friend" of the Soviet summer resident, which eventually passed to his successor in the person of the VAZ-2104. In 1972, AvtoVAZ has launched a more powerful version of "Lada" - VAZ-2103, which was perceived by many as a brand new, more powerful and comfortable model. Of course, for the vast majority of the population - a much more prestigious and expensive. In fact it was only a modification of the "Lux" fully complies FIAT 124 Speciale 1968, construction of which processed the same way as the base FIAT 124 has become a VAZ-2101. Development of its production envisaged agreement with the concern FIAT later base models, and for its configuration provided for the 1.5-liter engine in the 2103 with 77 hp When in 1976 at a plant in Togliatti mastered the production of the VAZ-2106, which was redesigned for the local conditions of the RAT 124 Speciale sample in 1972, no one could imagine that she would become the most popular and mass production of the Volga car. Rover "Field" (WHA 2121/2123/21213/2131) caused a sensation in the world market in the late 1970's - early 1980's. Then the car was struggling with sales in the domestic market. And this is eternal shortage of cars in the former Soviet Union. In 1980 the car "VAZ-2121" was awarded a gold medal 53rd International Fair in Poznan. As once the "six" - was considered more prestigious than the VAZ-2103 and VAZ-2107 ("Seven"), issued in 1982, compared to the "five" was exclusive in itself. Since the end of 1984 five-passenger sedan VAZ-2104 classic layout belonging to the second generation of "classics", was replaced on the conveyor wagon "first" generation-VAZ-2102, but a year they produced together. Be brought to the public in late 1984, wedge "Samara" with a three-door hatchback was truly a landmark event for the Volga car, but also for local motorists. Model VAZ-2108 Satellite / Lada Samara has begun mass production of the country's front-drive cars. In 1987 the staff of the Volga Automobile Plant awarded "Gold Mercury" for his contribution to the development of production and international cooperation. This prestigious award was given VAZ the third time. Unlike its tribeswoman "eight" VAZ-2109 Satellite / Lada Samara, which began selling in 1987, is regarded as a more "solid" car for a family man - the effect of the presence of five doors and, as a consequence, less expressive face. Model VAZ-21099 Sputnik / Samara Forma is, in essence, "nine" with a four-door sedan. 1989 Foreign Trade Association "AvtoLADA" was awarded the international prize Council of Shopping leaders "Trade Liderz Club" for access to the leading positions in trade and contribute to national economic development of African countries. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, AvtoVAZ, like all other domestic industrial giants, entered a period of a complete restructuring of its activities. Crisis was protracted, but by the mid 90's AvtoVAZ has managed to reverse the situation and gradually began to increase production. Mikrolitrajnyiy VAZ-11113 "Oka" more than a decade remains the cheapest domestic car. At one time it even predicted to be the people's car, and determines the place of its production giant industrial complex in Yelabuga, intending to end the long road deficit. But dreams and projects and octalis unenforceable, and so annoy AvtoBA3y assembly "Okie" was in the mid-1990s, finally transferred to the plants SeAZ (which became part of AvtoVAZ) and KamAZ. At the Paris Motor Show in 1994, was first presented the family of the "Ten" cars - VAZ-2110. Since 1998, the five-door extended assembly of VAZ-2111 - the first VAZ FWD wagon. In 1995, collected 16 million cars. Investment Exhibition on "Technologies of the Russian Federation", held in Rome in 1996, VAZ presented the rotary piston engine for small aircraft. In UPC collected 250th trade VAZ-2110. In 1997 at the motor show in Moscow, the presentation models, "2120", "2129" long wheelbase "Field" - "2329", "2131" and the sports model "21107." In the same year, the total number of automobiles was 730 thousand in the near future is expected to increase their production by 18 thousand. In 1998 came off the assembly line a new model in 2111, and the cars of the "tenth" of the family began to be equipped with the latest 16-valve engines. In the same year came the VAZ-2120 "Hope" - all-wheel drive seven-seat "mini-van", the distinctive feature of which is the original body with Sliding rear right door. Currently MZ-a relatively low quality "Lada" Russian markets seized avtofirmy Korean and Japanese. As a consequence, AvtoVAZ is taking steps to counter the market environment. In the short term AvtoVAZ joint production with the company, "Adam Opel AG" latest model "Opel Astra". Currently WHA produces over 50% of total passenger Russian cars. The future plans for 2003-2004. expected to produce a new family of models "Kalina" in the European size class "B". While there are three models: VAZ-1117 (Estate), VAZ-1118 (sedan) and VAZ-1119 (hatchback). Assumed the appearance and VAZ-1120 (OLA). The so-called platform family "Kalina" is unified with the "tenth" family, and the car is only slightly shorter. Base engine will be an upgraded 1.6-liter engine (the engine block engine VAZ-21083).

History of Komatsu

Komatsu - Japanese company, founded in 1921 Meitaro Takeuchi. The company Komatsu Ltd. formed as a spin-off company Komatsu Iron works Division, which appeared in 1917 and has been manufacturing and coal mining equipment. In his early work, the company was a Komatsu construction repair shop of various equipment, and later began to specialize in the production of construction machinery. In 1931 the company produced Japan's first agricultural crawler tractor. After 10 years under the name Komatsu was started large hydraulic presses. In 1943, the company's specialists have developed and produced a machine for leveling ground Model-1. In 1947 came the first bulldozer Komatsu D50. In 1948, as many companies of the time, Komatsu engineers began studying technology diesel engines. In 1952 was started graders. Already in the 50's machinery Komatsu appeared in the Soviet Union. At the time, the Soviet Union cooperated with many Eastern producers, but the level of Komatsu products was much higher than the competition. In 1953, under the name of the company was started trucks, armored vehicles, forklifts, etc. After 3 years, there were trucks and ladle. In 1965 began the production of wheel loaders. In 1968, the company began to produce hydraulic excavators, and a year later established the first amphibious bulldozer. The company decided to expand its presence in the global market and in the 60-70's in Europe, Asia and the United States have started to work on the company's sales techniques Komatsu. In 1968 he started producing hydraulic excavators. In 1968 he opened an office in Russia. In those years there were commercial offices in Brazil, France, Germany, Vietnam, Italy, Thailand and other countries. It was also discovered several subsidiaries. So until the beginning of the new millennium, the company is expanding Komatsu: opening of branches, representative offices and dealerships across countries, lucrative contracts, finding partners and, of course, the production of various equipment and the modernization of the lineup. In 2001, the company has created a new brand Galeo, under which produced a new generation of construction machinery. In 2003, Komatsu was the main supplier of equipment to service projects on oil and gas in Russia. In 2004, there was several subsidiaries in different countries that began the manufacture and sale of trucks, equipment for the logging industry, the teeth for construction equipment, mini excavators, hydraulic equipment, power generators, forklifts, excavators mega PC3000. In 2005, it completed one of the largest acoustic testing laboratories in the world. Like most engineering companies, Komatsu cares about the environment and tries to release technique with minimal polluting emissions. So in 2005, the company's engineers developed advanced technology in engine «ecot3», the high standards of Japanese environmentalists. In 2007, built three new plants: two in Japan - Ibaraki and Kanazawa, and one in India - Chennai. In 2008, Komatsu made the presentation of the world's first hybrid hydraulic excavator. It was then organized by LLC "Komatsu Manufacturing RUS" and laid the foundation for this company plant in Yaroslavl. There will have to be made, excavators and loaders Komatsu. In 2010, the plant began its work. Now the company is continuing to surprise their discoveries and developments in the field of mechanical engineering, inventing new machinery and new models, which are essential in a variety of industries.

Kia History

KIA (Kia Motors Corporation) - South Korean car company with a rich history. Initially the firm, known to all as the KIA, called KyungSung Precision Industry. May 15, 1944 it is not too easy for the European hearing the name was decided to replace the laconic KIA. The first syllable KI means "go global" and - "Asia". Headquartered in Seoul. However, the company was able to fully justify its name, expanding production and opening offices around the world. However, this was preceded by a series of stages of development of KIA. In 1952, it started the production of bicycles, initiating the formation of KIA as an industrial group. The company's products in high demand, so the decision was made on the construction of a second plant in Shayhunge. It opened in 1955. In 1957 KIA launched its first scooter. October 1961 was marked by the start assembling bikes. 1971 was an important milestone in the development of the company - was launched trucks. In June 1973, the new plant began production of KIA cars - is the most important stage of the company. The next month, July, there was another significant event for KIA - was the start of production of petrol engines. In 1974, the factory began assembling KIA cars Mazda 323 licenses for the Japanese company Mazda. At the same time, it started the production car, "Breeze." 1979 was the starting point for the two most important activities of the company KIA: started production of diesel cars and licensing models Peugeot 604 and Fiat 132 for the Korean market. In 1983 KIA signed a partnership agreement with the Japanese car manufacturer Mazda. In the same year range KIA added a new model - a truck Ceres. 80 years of the twentieth century were marked by the financial crisis, which pushed the KIA to fill this niche, as the production of low-cost cars. Thus, in 1987, the company released a budget model Pride. In 1990, the company changed its name to KIA Motors Corporation («KIA Motors Corp. '). In general, the 1990s were a time of large-scale and dynamic development of the company, was marked by the global expansion. Thus, a balanced and well thought out financial policy given the opportunity KIA in the early 90s to the European market. In addition, the company continued its active development in Asia. As a result, in October 1991 at the motor show in Tokyo for the first time presented models and KIA Sportage KIA Sephfia, received high praise and positive feedback from expert users. Using advanced technologies, combined with high reliability and bright, memorable design was the cause of popularity and acceptance Kia Sportage. An independent research company IntelliChoice consumer market for two consecutive years this model conferred the title of "Best Car of the Year." In 1993, KIA Motors Corporation introduced to the European market model Sephia, created by Mazda 323. However, the sale of this car received until 1998, having undergone a lot of changes. In 1995 he released a new model KIA Elan (Roadster), demonstrating it in Tokyo. In the same year appeared sedan Kia Clarus, assembled by Mazda 626. In April 1996, this model went on sale in Europe. In spring 1997, in Seoul, the company KIA Motors Corporation first introduced the concept car - Retona, compact all-wheel drive off-road. In addition, the year 1997 was marked by the opening in Kaliningrad Russia's first plant to produce cars KIA. The end of 1990 was marked for KIA new partnership. Thus, in December 1998 a majority stake KIA Motors Corporation transferred to the company Hyundai («Hyundai"). And in 2000, KIA has entered into a strategic alliance with Hyundai already and concern Daimler Chrysler («Daimler Chrysler"). In 1999, the market was a new KIA Avella / Delta, created by Mazda 121 (up to 1997, this model was called the Ford Aspire in the United States and Ford Festiva in Asia). Also in 1999, the presentation of Kia Carnival minivan in Europe. Another, more compact minivan - Carens - at the same time was presented at the Motor Show in Frankfurt am Main. Currently, the lineup includes models of minivans KIA Carens, Joice and Carnival. Beginning of the XXI century was marked by concern for KIA the market launch of many new cars. Thus, in 2000 lineup of cars KIA replenished Visto, Rio, which expanded the range of models Korean group to 13 pieces. At the 2001 Paris Motor Show was presented the new sedan Magentis, featuring the best value for money. In 2002 took place just three premieres - entered the market Sorento, Optima and Regal. 2003 became a landmark KIA Motors Corporation - produced more than 10 million vehicles. In the same 2003, the year began assembling model KIA Cerato. Moreover, the beginning of the new millennium was marked by international recognition KIA. American Association of National Highway and Traffic Safety Agency has awarded model KIA Sephia title "The safest car in the industry." At international exhibitions and showrooms products KIA - including cars Sephia, Sportage and KEV-4 - highly appreciated by experts. In 2007, the British Institute of Transport Management has called KIA Motors Corporation's largest car manufacturer. In the same year began production model Kia 'ceed, focused especially on the European market and achieved the further positive experts and popularity among consumers. In recent years, KIA is one of the most dynamic and fast growing companies in the world. The company's staff has more than 33 thousand people. KIA products represented in 170 countries.

History of Jaguar

History of Jaguar «Jaguar Cars Ltd.» Begins c 20's of the last century. In 1922, William Lyons (Sir Lyons William) and his partner, William Walmsley (Sir Walmsley William) founded the company Swallow Sidecar (abbreviated SS) in the northern seaside town of Blackpool (Blackpool), which initially specialized in manufacturing carriages for motorcycles. Very stylish aluminum wheelchair Swallow soon came to the attention of motorists. Deciding not to stop there, the talented and enterprising William Lyons decides to try a new direction - the Body Swallow. The first achievement of the company in this area was the development of the car body «Austin 7", thanks to which the company William Lyons received an order for 500 such bodies. The funds and the growing reputation enabled Swallow Sidecar Company established in the market design of the body, making them in future models Fiat, Morris, Swift, Standart and Wolseley. In 1931, due to increased production took moving company from Blackpool to larger manufacturing facilities in Coventry (Coventry). William Lyons began to design their own cars, fueling addiction seater sports model, which brings the company another success at the motor show in London. SS 1 car, the chassis and body design of which have been fully developed Lyons, was recognized as the most athletic of all the models Swallow. From a list of names of birds and animals, representing the speed and power, combined with the beauty and grace of his first-born Lyons chose Jaguar. SS 1 car later became the prototype model SS 1 Tourer with an open top, which is called the first truly a sports car Jaguar. In the early 40s of automotive production company Swallow was suspended in connection with the beginning of World War II. All car manufacturers, including the company Swallow Sidecar, were actively involved in the performance of military government orders. 1948 marked the restart of auto production. Swallow Sidecar Company changed its name to Jaguar Cars Ltd. The extraction of the revolutionary 2 - and then 4-cylinder engine Jaguar. The new series of Jaguar cars called "X" (from the word «experimental»), later known as the series of car XK. In 1948, the company expects more success at the London Motor Show, where all eyes of motorists caught first introduced Jaguar XK120. Supplied with Heynes 105 hp, this car easily developed speed 126 km / h and was recognized as the fastest production car of. In the 50's were produced cars Jaguar XK Mark V, Mark VII., Jaguar XK140. From 1950 to 1960 the company won the U.S. market, where the model Jaguar XK150 and XK150 Roadster, with engines from 2.4 to 3.8 liters and 220 hp a great success. Ask for cars Jaguar was so great that it became necessary to open another plant for the production of Jaguar at Browns Lane (Browns Lane). The fifties were marked by a succession of sports victories Jaguar. Model C-Type and D-Type, equipped with engines adapted XK, for seven years, winning sports race in Le Mans (Le Mans). Jaguar team success and winning the Grand Prix at the championship in 1959, 60, 63, and '65 is a name forever linked with the history of victories in automobile competitions. In 1956, Queen Elizabeth II of England, William Lyons awarded the title of Royal Designer of the automotive industry. He was also awarded the title of Knight of the Royal for a great contribution to the development of the automobile industry of the country. In 1961, Jaguar's design team began work on a car receiver D-Type. Predatory bends of this racing car transformed into a stylish, sensual body lines of the legendary E-Type, XK engine equipped with a volume of 3.8 liters and an all-new rear suspension system. Jaguar E-type, one of the hot favorite cars in the history of Jaguar, is considered one of the most brilliant exponents of innovative thinking, style and advanced technology of the time. 1961 Jaguar XK E-Type caused a sensational success at the exhibition in Geneva. In 1962 Jaguar Mark X car will be successful in the U.S. automotive market. In 1968, a new sedan Jaguar XJ6 (with six-cylinder engine), which won many awards, including the title of "Car of the Year." A little later, in 1971, there was a Jaguar XJ 12 with a 12-cylinder engine producing 311 hp, which for many years was the most powerful version of the engine Jaguar. In 1975, there was Jaguar XJ-S, equipped with suspension E-Type, with a modern four-seater cabin and a powerful 12-cylinder engine. He continued the tradition of sporting Jaguar, winning the world championship in 1977 and 1978. In 1986, the car was presented XJ6 c advanced 24-valve aluminum engine AJ-6 and more modern electronic system that included an on-board computer. The ongoing work to improve the quality of cars Jaguar has led to the revival of traditional 6-cylinder sports car Jaguar. The real sensation of British Motor Show 1988 was the Jaguar XJ220. The first version of this car was created by Cliff Ryudellom (Cliff Rudell), and was then further developed Helfetom Keith (Keith Helfet) in 1987. The final version of the car was presented at the 1991 Tokyo Motor Show. This legendary car, limited edition - only 280 copies, and is now a cherished dream of many car collectors in the world. Also in 1988, the opening of the unit Jaguar Sport, engaged in the development of sports prototypes based stock car Jaguar XJ family 220. Years 1991-94 were a period of development of a new range of Jaguar. In 1993 the plant at Browns Lane, which was built in the 50s, was promptly rebuilt for the new series of XJ. The new V12 engine with a volume of 6.0 liters is more powerful, modern and cost-effective than its parent Daimler Double Six.

History iveco

History of one of the world's largest multinational corporations IVECO began in November 1974 when it signed an agreement with German engineering concern Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz, KHD on allocation from its automotive department of Magirus-Deutz and transfer it under the management of the company FIAT. The merger formed a holding company for the production of commercial vehicles, got the famous name now IVECO. It stands for "Car Corporation Industrial» (Industrial Vehicles Corporation), abbreviated IVECO. Formally, it was an alliance between the two companies - Magirus-Deutz and FIAT, but at last it came to concern the Italian division of the company OM and Lancia, a French division also FIAT France SA, is a known company Unic. Thus, from the start holding IVECO headquartered in Amsterdam, was the actual union of the five long-established car manufacturers: Italian OM (founded in 1906.) And Lancia Veicoli Speciali (founded in 1906.) Cargo division of Italian company Fiat Veicoli Industruali (based in 1899.), and the French company Unic (production truck with 1904.) and German Magirus-Deutz (founded in 1864.). In order to preserve the best features of each company, it was decided that the company will specialize in the same thing, what did you do before the merger. Magirus Deutz - manufacturer of fire trucks and construction trucks - continued its direction: Trucks Iveco Magirus often flashed in TV programs on the construction of the BAM and on other construction sites of different countries. A former grade as IVECO Magirus fire engines remained at that plant produces up to now. French Unic only engaged in the manufacture of engines: as for their vehicles, and for other companies. And now, in the south of France in Burgundy Iveco Unic produces high-performance engines Cursor, which are equipped with tractors Iveco EuroTech, EuroStar and Iveco Stralis. In the first year, total production reached IVECO incredible value - 95 thousand cars. IVECO Group has at its disposal a huge and very diverse program of trucks of different classes and was significantly different from each other structures that had to be hastily put in order. The activity began with IVECO discontinued almost half of the total range, non-parallel issue identical machines in different countries. First own design is light series IVECO Daily GVW 3,1-4,5 m, developed at the plant in Brescia and was released in 1978. It was one of the first in the world designed specifically families light commercials vehicles mass production. The first light truck Iveco was the smallest and maneuverable truck in Europe. Another factor in its success was the groundbreaking for the time the car's design. In the following years, Iveco signed a contract to produce a series of Iveco Daily (Iveco Turbo Daily) with a Chinese manufacturer of light trucks Nanjing Motor Co. In 1986, the concern became English freight division of Ford and the Italian manufacturer of trucks «Astra». In the 80 years, a family of heavy IVECO: the production was launched truck TurboStar, equipped with engines of 330 or 420 liters. with. Distinctive features of the new model are more comfortable and high cab with improved suspension system and engines - the new Turbo-Aftercooler displacement of 13.8 liters, the 8210 six-cylinder capacity of 330 liters. with. and eight-cylinder V-engine turbo 8280 displacement of 17.2 liters and 420 hp During these years, completed the formation of the holding institution IVECO: all stock and all power went to the concern FIAT. Since that time, most of the cars were produced under a single brand IVECO. Strengthened its position, the concern IVECO began a second phase of expansion, acquiring other firms and organizing new assembly production. So, in 1991, became part of the Group's Spanish carmaker Pegaso, the facilities of which branded IVECO buses were produced. In 1991, the Group entered into the British manufacturer Seddon Atkinson Group, which had a long experience in the production of large commercial vehicles permissible gross weight of 17 to 44 tonnes Iveco concern was the fifth-largest truck manufacturer in the world. The following 1992 Iveco swallowed leading automaker Australian company ITAL (International Truck of Australia Ltd) and secured a presence in the markets of South-East Asia. In the same years in Turkey to open another subsidiary group under the name of Kos Group. In India, in collaboration with a Chinese company Hinduja Group, IVECO acquired control of the second largest car manufacturer in the country - Ashok Leyland. In April 1994, an agreement was signed with the Russian company "UralAZ" (Miass, Chelyabinsk region.) On the production of large trucks to operate in the Far North. Released bonnet truck Ural-IVECO-5531 with two or three major axes. The new car is a joint venture URALAZ-IVECO-6329 is available in several versions, including flatbed trucks with short and long cab and sleeper. Cars URALAZ-IVECO equipped with diesel engines of 370 hp In 1995, China had established a joint venture with Naveco for production and sales scale models Daily, and in 1996 - a joint venture with Haveco for transmissions for cars Daily. Genuine IVECO vehicle assembly was arranged in Argentina, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, Libya, Venezuela, Chile, Ethiopia, Zaire, Vietnam, and China. IVECO manufactures and fire engines: the production of fire trucks are the German company IVECO-Magirus and Italian Baribbi. Interestingly, the Magirus begins as a manufacturer of fire fighting equipment: fire pumps Magirus first came into being in 1865, and the first truck - only in 1918. And even then Magirus worked with Russia: the very first released in 1913, rotating fire escape was shipped to Moscow! Fire trucks IVECO concern still wear brand Magirus. And one of the biggest contracts the company has become a row in 1974 for the supply of 10,000 "Magirus" in the Soviet Union. Recent history confirms the concern held within the past 15-20 years of technical policy, allowed the joint efforts of many companies to develop and put into production some of the best trucks IVECO. In the nineties, has been launched another big series cars IVECO Euro truck market sector for the maximum permissible weight of 6 tons to official approval to the time limit for cars in this class. The design of the cars in this range use high-tech, innovative design, from the cockpit and ending with disc brakes on all wheels of the easiest medium trucks. Euro range represented by the following models: heavy-duty trucks EuroTech and EuroStar, off-road vehicles EuroTrakker, and medium-duty trucks EuroCargo. The first major international success came IVECO in 1992, when the trucks EuroCargo been awarded the title of "Truck of the Year", and in 1993 he received the baton EuroTech. In the seventeen years of the prestigious award that was the first time two years winners novilis-hundred trucks of the same manufacturer. In 2000 at the International Motor Show in Amsterdam IVECO Daily have been awarded "Van of the Year." In 2001 IVECO and Renault announced a joint project under which IVECO had to acquire 50% stake in Irisbus Holding, owned by Renault. This transaction provided IVECO controlling interest Irisbus Holding, a Spanish company, controlling all production of buses Iribus Group. To date, IVECO Irisbus City Class is the most widely buses in Italy (5,000 buses). Open top bus City Class joint venture with Trambus Open, providing travel services to Rome. Double decker bus with an open top, rightly considered the most convenient for exploring the historical and architectural monuments in cities with busy traffic. For this reason, most of the European capitals in the world use the tourist bus route in its class, allowing to appreciate the beauty of the city. The strategy for the globalization of production in China IVECO created a joint venture for the production and sale of buses. 50% of the new company owned by IVECO, 50% - Changzhou Bus Company. With the establishment of a joint venture with IVECO new company will begin production of the three series of buses - minibuses, buses and coaches - equipped chassis, engines and mechanical parts, designed by specialists IVECO. IVECO company is one of the largest multinational corporations, offering a full range of vehicles and engines. Iveco owns brands: Iveco, Iveco Motors, IVECO Magirus, Astra, Seddon Atkinson, Irisbus and today Iveco - multinational concern, which includes 49 plants and 15 research centers in 19 countries on five continents. Iveco is one of the largest and fastest growing manufacturers of trucks in the world (6th in the world in terms of production of trucks and 2nd place in terms of the production of diesel engines.) Concern Iveco produces: Trucks Daily (gross weight 2.8-6m), EuroCargo (gross weight 6-16t), Stralis (gross weight over 16 tons) and Trakker heavy traffic conditions. Engines for vehicles and industry. Passenger vehicles. Special vehicles. Firefighting vehicles. IVECO annually produces and sells on the world market of more than 160 000 trucks and more than 430,000 engines. The annual turnover of up to 9 billion euros. For customers IVECO employs 32,000 employees, operating 49 plants in 19 countries, 15 research centers and 844 dealerships.

History Isuzu

Isuzu - Japanese aVtomobilnaya company, one of the world's largest manufacturer of medium and heavy trucks and buses. The history of the company began in 1916, when the industry group was formed Tokyo Ishikawajima Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Will start producing a car pastors. The first passenger car modeled on the British "Managed" company collected in 1916. Start truck assembly at the company was laid in 1918, the first released model called A-9. Total Japanese design was born in the "Ishikavadzima" in 1928. All models of this brand called "Sumida". Following the merger in 1933, Ishikawajima Automotive Works with the company Dot Automobile Manufacturing Inc. Alliance was named to Automobile Industries Co., Ltd., and released in the same year for the Ministry of Trade and Industry, was named truck Isuzu - allegedly in honor of one of the rivers of Japan. The following year, 1934, Automobile Industries Co. founded the Committee for Research on diesel engines - it was part of the labor policy of the then president of Tomonosuke Kano. And two years later, in 1936, was born the first in Japan diesel engine, air-cooled - DA6. This was a major breakthrough in the development of diesel engines in Japan. In 1937 Automobile Industries merged with two other companies and changed its name to Tokyo Automobile Industries Co., Ltd. After the Second World War, in October 1945, resumed production of gasoline and diesel truck truck TX40 TU60. TX61 trucks are widely used in post-war Japan in its recovery from the ruins. In 1949, the company received its current name Isuzu Motors Limited. In 1950, the company developed the first Isuzu in Japan V8 diesel engine, water-cooled DA80, and created a combustion chamber, direct injection with an improved design that has sparked interest in the automotive industry due to its improved performance. Having signed in 1953 an agreement on technical assistance with the English company Rootes, Isuzu launched its first passenger car and much more, is a copy of the English Hillman. In 1959 he published a two-ton truck Elf, which became a very successful sold-saving diesel engine DA640 and excellent permeability in combination with a load capacity and durability. In 1961, Isuzu introduced the first diesel engine for passenger cars - DL201 volume of 1991 cc, for which he received an award from the Japanese Society of Mechanical Engineers. 1962 - Fujisawa plant opens, and the following year was presented to passenger car and much Bellett. In 1966, the department was established in Thailand in 1967 - before passenger car and much Florian and Japan's first 4-stroke diesel engine with direct fuel injection for trucks. 1968 - occurrence passenger model 117 Coupe. In 1971, Isuzu has sold its 34.2 per cent share of the American corporation General Motors. As a result of this cooperation, in 1974 he released passenger car Pick Gemini. In 1975 he founded the Isuzu Motors America - an office in the U.S.. 1977 - Launch of Florian with economical diesel engine, and in 1979 - the same year the diesel Gemini. 1980 - Produced a series of vans Fargo. 1981 - the introduction of the Piazza (3-door coupe). 1983 - launch of the sale of the family car and car smuggle Aska (Florian). Aska in the same year won first place in the British Rally RAC. Its first SUV Isuzu made in 1985 - it was Rodeo Bighorn, which export to find another name - Trooper. This model competes with the Mitsubishi Pajero, the similarities in design decisions obviously, but the new Pajero has gone far ahead, so that Isuzu will have to catch up. In 1989, a demonstration of a new type of SUV - MU (Amigo). The plant SIA (a joint project with Subaru - Subaru-Isuzu Automotive Inc.) In the U.S. in 1990 the production of the Rodeo. Models Amigo / Rodeo / MU / Wizzard second generation (since 1998) are classified as "parquet" SUVs. Even the base version is a rear wheel drive. The name reflects the abundance of the large number of markets in which it sells adapted to local conditions of the model. In the 90 series wins Isuzu rally victories. By this time, the production of medium and heavy trucks Isuzu became the first in the world. In 1997, a new model - VehiCross, SUV based on the Trooper, with a 3.2 liter engine capacity of 215 hp Two years later VehiCross debut in the U.S. market. At the Frankfurt Motor Show 1999 was based on the concept VehiCross open body (and special Carriers for mountain bikes), and in 2000 he made his debut in Detroit five-door version. In 1998, a company in crisis turns production of passenger car pastors. It produces much more car for the company Opel terrain Frontera. At the same time the mass production truck Elf CNG, compressed natural gas. At that time, General Motors increased its stake in Isuzu to 49% and started operating a branch in Poland - Isuzu Motors Polska. That SUV (SUV), minivans and vans commercials are now the basis of production Isuzu car nines full weight up to 3.5 tons This series pickups TFS (4x2) and TFR (4x4). In Europe, they are known as the Opel Campo and Vauxhall Bravo. For the United States, and Latin America is pickup Hombre, in fact variant Chevrolet S-10. Size and equipment cabins are identical Chevrolet. In the promising market minivans represented Isuzu Fargo Filly - analog "luxury" Nissan Elgrand. If the first sold in North America, the other - mostly in Japan. Delivery van and minibuses Fargo Van / Fargo Bus, as well as a new family of Elf UT only produce for the domestic Japanese market and for export are not available. The model is fully consistent Fargo Van Nissan Urvan, and richly equipped passenger Fargo Bus differ from the model lighting and exterior design elements. Complete range of commercial car nines full weight up to 3.5 t vans, vans, pickup trucks and trucks series ERV, cabover Elf NHR-/ NKR-series. Entitled Elf 100 in the U.S. and Japan are selling trucks Nissan Condor / Atlas. In 2000, the U.S. began the production of diesel engines by DMAX, Ltd., And was founded General Motors Isuzu Commercial Truck, LLC. In May 2001, has been announced a new interim business plan Isuzu - V-Plan. Duramax diesel engine 6600 was selected as one of the 10 best engines in the opinion of a professional avtoizdaniya Ward's Communications (this has happened and the next, in 2002). Instead of the V-Plan, a new three-year business plan. Currently, Isuzu, in accordance with market demand will increase successfully develops diesel engines with improved environmental parameters. In accordance with the agreement reached between Isuzu and General Motors, Isuzu is actively working on diesel engines, performing the role of GM in the group expert in the field. Some time ago, Isuzu has announced a new line of full-size pickups Isuzu D-Max, developed with the active participation of the American company General Motors. This project, representatives of both companies as one of the most important parts of almost 30 years of cooperation between the two automakers. In addition, the success of this new product will determine the fate of the company Isuzu, recently experiencing some financial difficulties. Production car smuggle plan to deploy at the GM plant in Thailand, which in the beginning will be the main consumer of news from Isuzu. Incidentally, in this country the company Isuzu plans to fully migrate from Japan production of pickups and SUVs. In addition, this year is expected to begin shipping Isuzu D-Max for export to Australia. However, the Union Isuzu / General Motors, there are more ambitious plans. Beginning in 2003, new pickups should be on sale in other world markets in more than 100 countries, and on preliminary estimates, the total sales of new products may well reach a value of 500 000 a year car nines.

History of infinity

Infiniti - a division of Nissan, specializing in the production car smuggle class "luxury", mainly to the United States. Characteristic difference - a proprietary grille. Year Established 1989. In full possession of concern Nissan. In the mid-80's Nissan Motor in the strictest confidence started designing and preparing for the production of fundamentally new pastors top class for the North American market. Around the same time a similar problem is solved main competitor - Toyota. History is silent about the authorship of this idea, but in 1989 almost simultaneously presented models Infiniti Q45 and Lexus LS 400. Since 1992, the famous J30 and structurally similar to I30. Since the autumn of 1996 came completely original design Q45, which is offered with a new design and V-shaped 8-cylinder engine capacity of 4.1 liters. Like Lexus, Infiniti is expanding its range to include the car and much more terrain QX4 - luxury all-wheel drive variant of the Terrano. Compact FWD Infiniti G20 is powered by Primera. After the 1998 car and much more radical restyling again began to enjoy steady demand among buyers - middle-class Americans. Transversely mounted 2.0-liter engine develops 140 hp Introduced in the 1999 Infiniti I30 (platform Cefiro / Maxima last generation) was recognized as one of the best modern car smuggle North America. Traditional luxury brand of interior and perfectly tuned chassis complemented perfectly balanced 240-horsepower 3.0-liter engine, the car and much more easily clocked up to 240 km / h In Europe, the Infiniti I30 is not supplied. Q45 flagship 2001 model year is presented at the New York Auto Show. Massive and at the same time aggressive exterior design is intended to emphasize respectability of the original elements can be noted large trapezoidal headlight reflectors, wide chrome grille and a very high line of the side glass. Salon is finished expensive sort of leather and wood. Rear-wheel drive models are equipped with the new V8 engine of 280 hp and adaptive automatic transmission. For fans of the "luxury" SUV sold under the brand Infiniti QX4 - a modernized version of the popular North American market model Nissan Pathfinder with a chic, finished with natural leather interior and a representative appearance. In-line 6-cylinder engine with 170 hp provides good dynamic performance, but the competition is offered as a top-class models of SUVs under the brand Infiniti with 8-cylinder engines, QX4 does not look so bright. Infiniti FX45 - a hybrid sport wagon and SUV. It will be equipped with a 315-horsepower V8 engine with five-speed automatic transmission. Retail price model - 44.2 thousand (weaker version with a V6 engine called FX35 and will cost ten thousand less). As the vice president of Infiniti Mark McNab, design pastors developed in California, and in general it is designed specifically for the North American market. The equipment includes a navigation system to its original DVD-ROM, smart cruise control, the device "smart key" and much more. The American press has already named this car one of the main contenders for the title of best in the class of compact luxury SUV. Next was put another debutant - Infiniti Triant. The design of this sports coupe made in the futuristic spirit (for example, the doors swing open upwards - the type of "gull wing"). The car is literally packed with electronics, its driving performance not inferior to many off-road vehicles, and the salon can be called even luxurious.

History of Fiat

Fiat first collected in 1899, was a four-seater car, which was sitting behind the driver on the left, and the passengers seated in front of the driver. Management was carried out by linkage. In 1901, there were cars FIAT steering wheel and bench sofas placed one after another. Already in 1911, were produced and the first racing cars, such as S76. He set in motion a four-engine capacity of 28 353 cm3 - more than 28 liters, develops power of 290 liters. with. at 1900 r / min. But the company also manufactures a Fiat compact cars with smaller engines. Today, race cars remain the prerogative of "Ferrari", and cars with improved performance and reserved to "Ferrari" and "Maserati". Both companies are part of the vast empire FIAT. Fiat has always produced sports cars for road and continues to produce them along with numerous others, misrepresented the number of compact models. That small cars such as the 500 Topolino, enabled the company to achieve success. Model, developed in 1936, produced until 1955. Model 500 was the first mass production of compact machines, designed for a couple or small family. He was a low-cost, reliable, and was for many the first car. Topolino model for the 1955 model was followed by Fiat-600, in which the engine was located behind. This car also enjoyed a huge success, and the volume of its sales within five years amounted to 1 million. Two years later, a model Nuova 500, which resembles the old model 500 only in size. Housed behind the two-cylinder air-cooled engine replaced at the front of four-cylinder unit. The car, which enjoyed immense popularity in Italy, constantly improved. Its doors opened "in reverse", were replaced with conventional ones. Steadily increased the size and power of the engine from 479 smya and 13 liters. with. to 594 cm3 and 18 liters. with. But the 500 and could not be really fast car. The latest model of Topolino with difficulty developed speed less than 95 km / h, and its successor, with capacity of 18 liters. with. - A little over 105 km / h With the improvement of cars became smaller and more powerful. So it was with the model of Fiat-850, which replaced the 600. With the engine displacement of 843 cm3 and a capacity of 34 liters. with. it has been in more cars than its predecessor. FIAT-850 model was put into production in May 1964. By the time of its withdrawal from the market in 1971 was ppodano nearly 1.8 million cars, not counting the 350,000 copies of coupes and convertibles 124,000 The latest model Nuova-500 had two-cylinder engine capacity of 594 cm3, which was set in its predecessor, the Fiat-126. This small car 2 +2 was produced in 1972 for twenty years, during which time sold millions of these cars. Fiat produced and larger models, such as the Fiat-1100, which was put into production in 1939 and appeared again after the Second World War. By this time the car did not look ultramodern. Lights were still on the wings, and the central pillar between the doors disappeared, making it easier for getting in and out. Model 1100V 1949 was slightly more powerful engine, and the latest model 1100E spare tire was fixed behind the car, and was inside the luggage compartment. Produced a model Fiat-1500 with the same body, but with a six-cylinder engine producing 45 hp. with. and displacement of 1493 cm3. In 1953 he introduced a completely new series. The new model 1100 resembled predecessor but name. The body became carriers. It was produced with either triple sofas and behind, or with two front seats and triple sofa back. 1100TV model was more rapid version of the previous engine with a capacity of 50 liters. with. instead of the standard 36 l. with. Fiat Model-1200 Granlyuche had engine capacity 1089 cm3, increased to 1221 cm3, the body is identical to the model 1100, with the exception of the grille and two-tone paint. In 1961-1500 model Fiat revived with four-cylinder engine working volume of 1481 cm1 and the capacity of 72 liters. with. The body was similar to the body model 1100. Equipped with an engine capacity of 1295 cm3, the car was known as Fiat-1300. In the higher price range Fiat released in 1950, the model 1400, and two years later - the model 1900. Their bodies were much larger and more spacious than the models 1100 and 1200. On the basis of these cars the Italian designers have created some great cars with coupe and convertible. Four-cylinder engines have options sm3/44l 1395. with. sm3/60 and 1901 liters. with. In the late 50's Italy's economy is booming, increased demand for more expensive cars, so in 1959, Fiat launched the Fiat-1800 and -2100. These models had a new engine and brand new, spacious body. The only difference between the two models is in the working space of six-cylinder engines - 1795 and 2054 cm3. After two years, there was a long version (2279 cm3) of the engine in the model Fiat-2300. Up to the end of production in 1968, this car has not been able to achieve comfort and luxury models FIAT-130. This prestigious car was available in both sedan and coupe. As standard equipment offered automatic transmission and electric windows. Since 1966, the models were given names that were no longer linked to the size of the engine. There are models Fiat 124 and -125 with four-cylinder engine capacity in 1197 and 1608 cm3. Externally, the cars were very similar, but equipped with a larger engine 125 model was slightly more spacious than 124. Another difference is that the model had rectangular headlights 124 and 125 - round. FIAT-128 model, which followed the model of 1100, and like her, was put into production in March 1969. The largest difference was hidden under the hood. Model 128 was the first car company Fiat with a transverse engine with overhead camshaft and front wheel drive. Model 128 was sold in different versions and a great success. When, finally, in 1978, production in Italy was stopped, it was found that sold more than 3 million cars.

History of DAF Trucks

DAF Trucks NV is a Dutch truck manufacturer company, a division of PACCAR. Its headquarters and main plant are in Eindhoven. Cab and chassis are produced in Westerlo, Belgium. Some of the truck models sold under the brand DAF developed Leyland Trucks in the factories in the UK. Start a story about DAF is just the beginning, but rather directly to the foundation date. Surprising and comical at the same time include the fact that the company, which in Europe believe the youngest truck manufacturer, was born in the far and have all forgotten 1928. But there was born the name, but just might, full of extravagance and coarseness rapid form the company began to acquire in 1949. Such desynchronization and really pushes the company DAF on the bench of the young. But believe me, this is the name of no one even try to ignore the will not. Note that the name of a little family company DAF trucks purchased in the simplest of production - semi-trailers, trailers and bodies - that these were the first steps of a heavy weight. However, the joke is just to say that the principal place of business - or rather the main building - the first unit of the company, could be the next Dutch brewery. Well, be that as it may, in the spring of 1928 in the city of Eindhoven in the building of the proposed pub, owned by Arnold Hyungesu, the owner of the plant, "De Valk" a born engineer and designer Huub van Doorne, who worked for the owner of the plant and is equipped with unique equipment brewery opened the same machine shop to assemble trailers. A couple of months, he was joined by a brother, and the tandem earned four hands. Thanks for going bad, Van Doorne brothers decided to move, and in 1932, in a new place machine shop got its official name is now recognizable and sounds like a DAF. But then, without any reductions name looked to as "Factory Trailer Van Doorn» (Van Doorne's Aanhangwagen Fabriek). The product range of the company had already surprised latitude. DAF released trailers of freight and passenger, to tanks and special attachments for standard chassis, body, army, equipment for waste collection. In 1933, the company received deserved applause for his revolutionary design in the transport sector: a unique trailer chassis with independent suspension equipped with leaf springs, and a mechanism known as accumulator. The device allows you to automatically brake the trailer, after any break. Since 1934, the company has specialized in automobile trailers with four rear wheels mounted in pairs on transverse springs. And in 1936 for railway companies in Holland and Belgium DAF released a special trailer-trucks. The originality of the design was the ability to retrieve the containers directly from the platform the train, carrying, so delivery of cargo "door to door". Also in 1936 the company began the modernization of DAF cars and two-axle trucks from carrying on with the wheelbase by 6? 4, replacing conventional biaxial leading rear axle truck Trado (Trado), got its name from the combination of the first letters of names of the design engineer - Colonel von der Trapp (Von der Trappen) and Van Doorne brothers. This dolly is equipped with all-wheel drive easily turns an ordinary truck into a car off-road. And in that same 1936 came the first car brand DAF - Army amphibious MS139 with a fully symmetrical shape of the front and rear, mid-mounted engine and all the leading steer. The rapid take-off was to be suspended. The Second World War brought its unexpected adjustments. However, immediately after the war, the demand for freight transport in the Netherlands has increased dramatically, allowing us DAF try their hand in this difficult field. And in 1948, DAF produces just two test models: five-ton truck, and the tithes DT5 DT10. To save the permissible length of the wheelbase, the cabin, it was decided to place on the engine, moving all of its maneuvering part of the front axle. Cars rightly recognized and in 1949 the prototypes were put into mass production, with only one change - a reduced capacity. The first production model A30 lightweight capacity up to 3 tons, behind a five-ton has caused the need to build models of the A50. Transmission and engine models were borrowed from American companies. Diesel came from Perkins, and small gasoline engines from the company Hercules. In a single assembly with the transmission of the Borg & Beck and drive axles company Timken, has one year left in a series of 150 copies. In 1950, the company expanded production and a new plant, called DAF II, designed exclusively for the production of trucks. Following the expansion of the company also changed its official name to the new - "Automobile Factory Van Doorn," but remained the same acronym - DAF. In 1950, the release of the company's vehicles was 1036 pieces. Since 1951 po1954 years in the production program of the company, a number of new models. And in May 1955 was marked by release 10000th truck brand DAF. Since 1956, the firm DAF rejected the policy of borrowing of imported engines and released their first, albeit under license DAF Leyland diesel engine capacity of 105 liters. with. The model was successfully tested on the 1500 trucks. After passing the annual test, it was decided to install the motor and other models. And since 1959, the company began production of cars with new petrol and diesel engines own assembly, gaining full independence, going to a new level by full truck manufacturing. In the same year, the company has fully developed in the walls, the bonnet truck series A12 and A15 In 1958 DAF started producing small car with the original automatic transmission Variomatic. This model has received the nickname "the car with braces", because of pulley-belt drive, is a system of long straps, tie each of the rear wheels. Based on them also produced small pickup and delivery van. In 1957, there was only one series bonnet trucks DAF. Initially, it consisted of two basic models, the A12 and A15 capacity from 4.5 to 7.0 tonnes with engines Hercules, Perkins or Leyland. Later in the series, to be issued until 1970, joined new variants A13, A16 and A18. It is believed that these models are identified characteristic appearance early DAF truck with a rounded hood and a unique canopy over the radiator in the shape of an irregular octagon. This signature design element moved and cabover series A2000 and A3000 (6 No. 2) 8 -11 ton capacity long-haul trucks in the total weight of 28-32 tons with engines of 120-165 hp and 6-speed transmission. Since 1961, the truck tractor was used AS2000DO extended sleeper cab and fashionable at the time, front fascia with four phases .. These models are also produced in versions 2200, 2300, 2400 and 3200 with wheel 4? 2 to 6 No. 4 and was originally equipped with its own engine DD575 120 hp Great importance in the formation of DAF played army polnoprivodniki on gasoline engines from Hercules. This program consists of five basic models of light jeeps YA054 and monochrome tactical truck DAF YA126 (4 × 4) to a three-ton all-terrain vehicle - YA328 (6? 6), which has received recognition and status - the military vehicle with the original airborne transmission in the future, this car became a base for fire trucks and armored personnel carriers. These cars were equipped with the new welded frame, leaf spring suspension with front telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers dual action, dual pneumatic brakes and power steering gear. They once brought us worldwide recognition, qualities such as: design excellence, safety and beauty. Another important point in the history of DAF was the acquisition in 1968, the license to produce in-line 6-cylinder diesel Leyland 0.680, became the basis of the most famous motor DAF, DK1160 series with a capacity of 11 100 to 11 627 cm3, with capacity of 165 - 230 hp parallel was established, and another, this time a 6-cylinder diesel engine of 68 cm3 and a power of 156 hp first established by the last bonnet model A18. In the early 70's a DAF truck range to unify the series «F», assembled from standardized parts and assemblies, and equipped with several types of cabins on the engine, made in a modular fashion. The previous series were replaced with new, apparently is not very different from each other models with different specifications. At the same time introduced a new indexing model, there are still: FA - Flatbed truck; FT - tractor; FAG, FAT and FAD - chassis 6? 2, 6, No. 4 and 8, No. 4, respectively, and FAZ-driven 6? 6 . In 1971, DAF attached to so-called "Club of Four", which already includes firms Magirus-Deutz, SAVIEM and Volvo. As part of the environmental porgramma cooperation since 1975 in a program with mild DAF Series F500, F700, F900 and F1100. The first two with a diesel engine Perkins (80 hp), and the rest - with its own engine DD575 (105 hp). By the order they were completed with an automatic transmission. On all cars are created jointly by four companies new cab Club (Club) attractive appearance. C the same period, the company produced its own series of light trucks DAF F1200/1400 cab F198 - a miniature version of the F1600, which was replaced by created "Club of Four" series, consisting of models F1300 and F1500 full weight of 12-14 tons and turbo diesel 153 liters DF615 . and with a 5-speed synchronized transmission. Since 1973 he began to produce a series of heavy trucks F2800 cab F241 and diesel engines tisilnymi 216-DU825, as well as engines DK1160, including new versions of DKT1160 with turbo 255 - 304 hp from 6 - 13-tistupenchatymi checkpoint. The introduction in the year of aftercooling on diesel DKS1160 enhancing its power to 330 hp To expand the program and enter new markets in November 1971, DAF has signed an agreement with International Harvester (International Harvester). As a result, in 1973, the program appeared bonnet heavy construction truck NAT2505 (6? 4), is an American Peystar-5000 (Paystar) with Dutch DKA1160 diesel engine capacity of 230 hp In 1979, it was replaced with an engine truck NAT2800 DKS1160 (310 hp), cabin Magirus-Deutz, 16 sgupenchatoy transmission and axles ZF Steyr (Steyr). "Drive your bussiness" - so sounds slogan of DAF, and it applies not only to products, but also to the unique style of company management. 1980s. began with the modernization of all the previously created cars. Severe range added F2305 series and F2505, complete with the most powerful version of the family of diesel engines DH825 (220-250 hp), 6 -, or 16-step-chatymi transmissions. F2805 series has received two engines - DKTD1160 and DKSE1160 (255-280 hp), 12 - and 16-speed transmissions. S1982 was released gamma DKX1160 F3300 with a diesel turbo. In 1981, all the cabins of heavy machinery were enhanced sound insulation, to lower the level of internal noise by 4-5 dB. Since 1986, new series, F1700 and F1900 Power 158 - 212 hp and mass 14,0-17,5 tons appeared upgraded cabin with a simplified front fascia. With the additional soundproofing interior by the end of the decade, was the first company in Europe that has managed to reduce the interior noise to 79 DtsB. Later - in 1985 it was introduced the second generation of the intermediate cooling "ATi" (Advanced Turbo Interceding), which allowed to increase power while reducing fuel consumption and reduction of toxic contaminants in the exhaust emissions. Since the mid 80's. launched a new flagship series with 365-F3600 tisilnym diesel DKZ 1160ATi. In the same period, DAF to the challenge of the famous race in extreme conditions, "Paris-Dakar" by creating a unique four-wheel drive truck. In races in 1984 participated nicknamed "Monster" version FAV 3300DKX2 with two engines of 340 and 420 hp and two cabins - front and rear. With the full weight of 13 tons, he developed a speed of 160 km / h A year later, this version appeared in a lightweight design with a shower. It weighed 11.5 tons and a top speed of 165 km / h In 1986, at the starting line went FAV 3600DKX2 Turbo Twin II with two engines from 495 hp, which allowed for the first time in the world to surpass the heavy truck serial line speed of 200 km / h The second half of the 80 DAF marked for major acquisitions: in 1987, entered into force on the contract to purchase krupnevshego British manufacturer of trucks of Leyland, and along with a small firm Freight Rover from Birmingham. Thus was founded the British branch DAF-Leyland, and in December was presented 1986goda series delivery van V400 Capacity 2.8 - 3.5 tonnes, is a copy of an English model. After three years, there was light model V200 GVW 2.5 tons and with a diesel V-Jinse 60 hp Between1988 year branded DAF-Leyland was arranged assembly of trucks DAF F1900. Despite extensive achievements in the late 80's the situation of DAF began to deteriorate. In 1993, the British branch DAF-Leyland collapsed. In autumn 1996, an American engineering company Paccar acquired 100% stake in DAF, becoming its rightful owner. In addition, in 2000 and renamed the Paccar English department in Teyme in DAF. A year later renamed division was transferred to production models of the "LF". For almost 20 years, DAF has been producing their cars in the UK, the Group has Paccar. About a quarter of the total production, which is about 40,000 units per year, falls on a nominal Britain. And to this day, the company DAF, producing an average of 25 thousand vehicles per year and continues to be one of the largest Manufacturer of medium and heavy trucks in the world.

History Citroen

History of the French automobile company Citroen, founded by Andre Citroen, started in 1919. The main goal was the mass production of inexpensive cars. The first model was the Citroen Model, known as 10PS 8/10, it had a four-cylinder engine rated at 18 hp and are lightweight and easy to manage. For this model, designed a soft suspension, which became typical for all subsequent Citroep. Clutch and the engine have been collected in one block. All together to create a car Citroen reputation comfortable throughout the car and caused genuine love motorists. In 1921, the Model A swap model, which had little resemblance to its predecessor. In 1922, production was launched super popular two-seat roadster with a bright yellow color of the body. Models B12 and B14 gained fame most comfortable with adjustable seats and a new instrument panel. In 1931, there Citroen Grand Suite CGL with an engine capacity 53 hp, with a rich inner and outer trim. In 1934, the model was created 7 titled "Traction Avan", lasted until 1957 in various versions. In 1955 he was presented the "people's" car DS - roomy, safe and inexpensive, who enjoyed success with the public. After a period of neglect company represents Citroen Xantia in 1993, the model determined the further development of the company Citroen. Co-production with "Peugeot" Evasion minivan was created and submitted in 1994. Compact Citroen Saxo was first introduced in 1995, and in 1996 was released on five-door model with a modified diesel engine and automatic transmission. On a motor show in 1999 was updated model Citroen Saxo with a new design. Light commercial vehicle for active recreation Citroen Berlingo was introduced in 1996, since 1999, it is available with a diesel or gasoline engine and a full engine. Family car Xsara appeared in 1997 car has undergone a number of modifications, is by far the most popular family of Citroen. Another hit of Citroen - model Citroen Xsara Picasso - appeared on the European car market in 2000. In 2003, the company unveiled the Citroen C3. Citroen company and still has a place in the European automotive market.

History of Chevrolet

"Chevrolet» (Chevrolet Motor Division), the leading branch of the concern "General Motors", specializing in passenger car nines, pickups and SUVs. The headquarters is located in Warren, a northern suburb of Detroit (Michigan). The company "Chevrolet Motor Car" was formed in 1911 founded the company "General Motors" by William Durant. Ceased to operate "General Motors", he vigorously create new companies. Being primarily a businessman, not an engineer, before leaving the "General Motors" Durant took with him a challenging and interesting development pastors, on the improvement of which he invited a popular racing driver Louis Chevrolet, who gave the new company's famously sonorous name. The first model, quite successful Classic Six («Classic Six") - a spacious five-passenger sedan with a 6-cylinder engine producing 30 horsepower, with the electric light, four doors, convertible top, windshield, but in addition to all of this accompanied a personal set of working tools, was presented in 1912. Then there were the Little Four («Little Four") with a 4-cylinder engine. But the price of the first-born - $ 2,500 - was unreasonable for the buyer, and so he had no success. Then popular Ford-T was worth five times cheaper. William Durant realized that the key to success lies not in the fashionable pastors, and in its simplicity and low cost. He walked away from the production of luxury models, and began to produce low-cost 4-cylinder cars - open passenger Baby Grand («Baby Grand") and the sports Royal Mail («Royal Mail"). It was on these models, first appeared in 1914, the famous logo "Chevrolet" - bow tie. 1916 at their base the Chevrolet-490 (which was its original price), which brought us fame. These are cheap but reliable cars have become as popular as the "Ford." They were 4-cylinder engines of 2.8 liters. The car was so successful, that was produced in 1922, and gave birth to no less famous model "Superior", which existed until 1927. At Chevrolet-490 was a simple 3-speed transmission, two rigid axle suspended on leaf springs. As in, "Ford", everything was simplified to the extreme, but these cars have electric lights and starter, which was then a rarity even for expensive car pastors. It is with the 490-th model and began to specialize in Chevrolet cheap and simple smuggle that brought her international fame. In 1917, the company has an own engine, V-shaped 8-cylinder, but at the time it did not find sufficient demand. Dynamic, diverse and well-selling model "Chevrolet" brought financial success to Durant, who was able to regain control of the "General Motors" and in 1918 joined the company to a corporation "Chevrolet", the products for many years was an ornament production scale corporations. Engineers and designers "Chevrolet" done a lot for the global aVtomobilestroeniya. In this branch, in 1923 they released their first car and much more, equipped with air-cooled engines. In 1928, there is a model "International Six", also known as the index of "AV". In 1929, was designed by single-row, 6-cylinder engine that produced up to 1984. Model "Master" released in 1933, and in 1934 Department of "Chevrolet" was the first to equip their car smuggle independent front suspension, which greatly facilitated the management of a car pastors and reduced tire wear. During the "Great Depression" the company finally surpassed "Ford" on sales. In 1935, the model of "Suburban Karrioll» (Suburban Carryall, literally "suburban crew") marked the beginning of a new class - multi-purpose passenger car pastors. In 1949 took place the emergence of new models of "Special" and "De Luxe". Since 1950, the company began to apply their models to automatic transmissions. In 1953, the "Chevrolet" the first line of V-Pick Corvette («Corvette") with a body made of fiberglass, which is regarded as the first attempt to create a purely American sports car and much more. Equipped with an upgraded engine "Chevrolet" with a displacement of 3.8 liters and an automatic transmission, "Corvette", but did not find the demand, but the model is saved equipping its new V-shaped 8-cylinder engine and upgrade the frame in 1955. In addition, the old automatic transmission was replaced with a mechanical. Since 1956 "Corvette" is becoming a sports car, whose appearance is consistent with its responsiveness and whose power reaches 290 hp, by 1961 "Corvette 283" with fuel injection power reached 315 hp and accelerates from zero to 100 km / h in a mere 5.5 seconds. Since 1963, when the model of "Corvette" seems to aVtomobilnyh salons, she becomes the object of universal admiration, to some extent, symbolizing American style in aVtomobilestroenii overall. Body "Corvette Sting Ray" in 1963, designed by design department of the company, led by William (Bill) Mitchell, gave the impression of cutting edge supermoschi in shortening and relief base. This model was equipped with a new frame with independent suspension and rear wheels feature a unique performance. Seemed to limit the power of the machines "Chevrolet" not - by 1966 semilitrovy motor model "427" has already reached 560 hp Ill-considered changes in the design model in 1968 due to congestion is not too justified innovations led to a drop in demand, which was restored in the future, not returning, unfortunately almost religious reverence for the earlier models. Since 1984 "Corvette" is available in coupe and convertible versions of the V-shaped 8-cylinder engines. In 1958, in light of the new models come out "Biscayne", "Bel Air" and "Impala". By 1960, the company has prepared a compact model "Corvair". In 1961, the first showing of "Chevi 11." Since 1963, began production of the "Chevelle" In 1965, production model "Malibu". In 1966, production of sports car "Camaro". The appearance of the model "Monte Carlo" is in 1969 Since the beginning of 1970 production car smuggle smaller. The appearance of the model "Vega". In 1974, top models "Monza". In 1979, it launched the front wheel drive car with a transverse power units. The first in this series was the model "Sitation". Presentation Model "Cavallier" was held in 1981 Chevrolet USA Metro, was first introduced in 1983 under the name of GEO, 1998 is sold as Chevrolet, in February 1999, a new modification. Chevrolet USA Prizm, middle-class sedan based on Toyota Corolla. Produced in collaboration with the California Japanese-American company Nummi. From 1998 model sold under this name before - called GEO. Chevrolet USA Alero midsize sedan (European classification) class with a transversely raspolozhennyi engine. Was first introduced in Europe in February 1999. Currently popular all over the world use the four-wheel drive wagon Blazer («Blazer") and ostromodnye Venture («Venture") with increased capacity. "Blazers", are extremely popular in this country, are going in Russia, at the plant in Yelabuga. For the first time in its modern form, Blazer was introduced in Sao Paulo in 1995. In the same year was awarded the "SUV of the Year" to the authoritative magazine «Motor Trend». In the mid-size class leader "Lumina» (Lumina) (first show in 1987), for which the company has found optimum power from the sales price. In the United States in the class "luxury" is being sold Suburban («Suburban"), known as "Texas limousine", representing the "Chevrolet" in the sector of luxury car pastors. SUV TAHOE, introduced in 2000, has a unique-in-class torque. Was first presented in 1992. Chevrolet USA Super Sport Roadster Concept, a concept pickup, was first presented to the public in January 2000 at the Detroit auto show. Web site: www.chevrolet.com Representation in Russia: generalmotors.ru

History of Volkswagen

The company Volkswagen - is a company with an impressive history. It is curious that the creation of the famous brand "people's car" of the decree promoted by Adolf Hitler. No less interesting is the fact that the designer who invented the car was detained for two years. Thus, the history of the company started in the thirty-third year. Then, the meeting took place in Berlin, which served as the impetus for the creation of the company. The meeting was between Adolf Hitler and Jacob Berlin. Then Adolf places demands. The main objective was to create a durable and reliable vehicle for people in Germany. An important criterion was the availability of: cost of the car was not to exceed one thousand Reichsmarks. Then Hitler picked up a piece of paper and drew a schematic how in his view had to look this very new car, then asked (well, demanded) to Jacob found the designer, who can turn this idea into reality. A few days later a man was found, and he himself became Ferdinand Porsche. After much debate and expressive nuances of the design, and the car in general, at the end of the thirty-third year, the famous German designer proceeds to business. The result was granted quickly. Already in the thirty-fifth year design thinking led to the creation of the first Volkswagen. It is a VW Kafer. This car came to taste very Adolf Hitler, but it, unfortunately, there were some minor technical problems, and for this reason, the following two years have been an enormous number of different tests and test car. Out of this 30 release Volkswagen in thirty-seven. It should be noted that Ferdinand Porsche was highly regarded as a designer other designers and engineers. Car is priced very high, although the press daily published entirely contradictory things. In the thirty-eighth year, in a publication of New York Times published another article about a German car, and it was compared with the car bug. Such a comparison has appeared because of the similarity body. This is how the nickname of the car, and because of that exact remark journalists, these cars are very legkouznavaemy. It should be noted that especially for the mass production of a new car, Hitler gave the order to begin construction of the plant in Wolfsburg. It began in the thirty-eighth. Unfortunately, World War I prevented the rapid great plans that were built before, and was not collected more than a dozen of these fine automobiles. "Beetle" has become a favorite member of the Nazi Party. Even Hitler had for this car warmest feelings. It should say that because of the war working on the construction of the plant to stop. Unfortunately, the government was not up to it. As a result, until the end of the unfinished plant used to produce military products. After the war and the surrender of Germany, everything including the Volkswagen plant were under the control of the winners. The plant itself was under the influence of England (because the company was located in the British zone of occupation). Back then the new owners did not realize that he was in their hands. At the time, the people's car became very popular, and people lined up wanting to buy it. In our time, the concern Volkswagen - the world's largest in terms of sales concept vmire. Nowhere to sell as many cars. This company now has breweries in a dozen countries around the world and now, the company has more than three hundred thousand people.

History of Toyota

The base Toyota group traditionally referred to 1933, when the company Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, before producing products made of cloth, not cars, a department car. It was headed by the eldest of the sons of the owner of the company Sakichi Toyoda (Sakichi Toyoda) Kiichiro Toyoda (Kiichiro Toyoda), to whom, and must now known brand Toyota its fame. To run the original car manufacturing were the revenues received from the sale of a patent for the British firm looms Platt Brothers. In 1935, it developed the earliest car, so called model A1 (hereinafter AA) and truck Model G1, and the following year, the AA model was put on the conveyor. That same year, the first cars went for export - 4 trucks drove north China. And next year the department has grown into an independent automotive concern Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. This is a brief history of Toyota group before the war. In 1947, after the war, the company launched its new product series - Toyota Model SA, and 3 years later, during the deepest global depression, the firm took the first and last protest employees. The outcome of this protest was changing the internal regulations of the company, department sales now represent an independent company - Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. Despite this, after the Second World War, when the Japanese automobile industry, as well as others, are unprofitable, the company Toyota managed to come out of financial difficulties with minimal losses. In mid-century Taichi It (Taiichi Ohno) invented an exclusive production process control technology ("Kamban") avoids a variety of losses - material, time, technical. Technology was implemented in 1962 in all areas of the company's Toyota, confirming its efficacy and leading a group of Toyota to world fame. In 1952, the founder of the group died - Kiichiro Toyoda. By the time the company has already received its heyday. During these years been active in branded company projects, analyze the market, supplemented by new models - created road vehicle Land Cruiser, Crown, very popular so far, and in the U.S. states of concern arose Toyota Motor Sales, U. S. A., carrying supplies Toyota models for local populations. It is worth noting that the original supply of Toyota cars in America ended sad way, however, analyzing the causes of Toyota managed to fix it. In 1961 he designed the car Toyota Publica - small resource-saving car, instantly won acclaim. In 1962 the company launched a million copies. In the 60 years of the Japanese economy started to grow, resulting in growing and marketing. The company had a representative office in the foreign markets - in the West, East, and Africa. Pulled and the American market - the car Corona, delivery of which is in the United States since 1965 and immediately gained popularity, becoming the most popular export models of Toyota. In 1966, the company will make its iconic car - Corolla, the world whose popularity is not lost so far, and, in addition, will sign beneficial cooperation with Japanese company Hino, is also a manufacturer of cars. Next, Toyota will continue to collaborate with Daihatsu in 1967. 70 years entered the history of the creation of additional businesses and continuous invention of new technological processes, the introduction of budgetary model features originally intended solely for the exclusive models. Launched a series of new cars Celica (1970), Sprinter, Carina, Tercel (1978), Mark II. Tercel was first front-wheel drive, among other Japanese brands. By 1972, the company produced 10 million copies of Toyota. After going through financial difficulties and depression in energy, saving on raw materials as a result of the Government's view of environmentally friendly production, has created an effective system of emissions, improving the indoor climate in the company, has launched a new phase of development. In 1982, the merging of two companies Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. and Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. the same group Toyota Motor Corporation. That same year, started production of the car Camry. Now no one there was no doubt that Toyota is a powerful player in the automotive market, taking bronze in the production of automobiles in the world. In 1983, Toyota began cooperation with General Motors, and in 1984, together they begin to produce cars at their U.S. plant. While over the initial stage of construction, a special forum for testing vehicles Shibetsu ended by 1988. In addition, in 1986, was produced 50 cars under the brand Toyota. Developed other cars: Corolla II, 4Runner and Corsa. The main novelty of the 80s is the emergence of the sub-brand Lexus, Toyota released by and intended for the premium segment. Before his appearance Japanese cars were considered the most affordable, small, resource-saving and budget models, Lexus has made the invention in such a correction to the vehicle. In 1989, that the very next year after the creation of the brand Lexus, were designed and put into production, and soon on the implementation, the following vehicles: Lexus LS400 and Lexus ES250. 1990 went down in history grounds corporate design department - Tokyo Design Center. In the same year the Soviet Union for the first time appears a service center. Toyota continues to gain global market, creating new offices around the world and improving the work of the existing ones. Among other things, the company continues to research and development of a technical nature, to create new representations Toyota System Research Inc. (Together with Fujitsu Ltd., In 1990), Toyota Soft Engineering Inc. (With Nihon Unisys, Ltd., In 1991), Toyota System International Inc. (Together with IBM Japan Ltd. And Toshiba Corp., 1991) and others. In 1992 he released Toyota Guiding Principles - the basis of the Group, the internal representation of the company policy. In addition, published by the Earth Charter (The Earth Charter) - Development of environmentally friendly production cars. The concept of sustainability was important for Toyota; used various measures to improve the environment, and in 1997 was marked by the release of the car with a hybrid engine Prius Toyota Hybrid System. In the future, hybrid engines also fell on cars and RAV4 Coaster. 90 years are also characterized by the release of the 70 millionth copy in 1991, and after 5 years is 90 millionth. In 1992 he was created Toyota Training Center in Vladivostok, signed an agreement with Audi and Volkswagen, and in 1995, there is a division between the products in parts Toyota, Hino and Daihatsu, and the development of innovative business solutions and the production of the new engine generation with the changing phases Valve Timing (VVT-i). The next year a Moscow Toyota Training Center and released four-cylinder petrol engine with direct fuel injection (D-4). A year later, the car developed Raum, and in 1998, Avensis, and modernization of the popular car-road Land Cruiser 100. That same year, Toyota began to own a controlling stake in Daihatsu. 100 millionth copy of Toyota off the assembly line in 1999. 2000 remembered by the growing popularity of car Prius, selling over 50,000 copies in its various markets and modernization RAV4. 2001 was marked by the implementation of the five millionth Camry instance in the U.S. market. Last summer, the Russian representative office created "Toyota Motor", and in the winter of the same year of the Prius reached 80,000 copies. Toyota today - the main auto manufacturers around the world. In addition, it has a leading position in the Japanese automotive market, producing more than 5.5 million cars per year, based on the time it is about 1 car for 6 seconds. Toyota Group comprises several companies involved in different activities. In 2002, Toyota became a party to Formula 1 racing event, which was for her new achievement.

History of Mitsubishi

History of Mitsubishi nachalasv 1874, with rental of three ships. Future founder of the Mitsubishi Group Yataro Iwasaki was born into a poor samurai family in 1835. Teenager he joined the shipowning trading company owned by a samurai clan - Tosa. Young Samurai has proved a good manager. In 35 years, he rented from his employer three steamers and created his own company, naming it Tsukumo.Emblema Tsukumo was the result of adding two samurai arms. At Iwasaki family crest were listed three rhombuses of one another, and on the arms of Tosa - oak leaves. Yataro Iwasaki in creating oak leaf emblem took as the basis of the composition. So there were three rhombs in trefoil. In 1875, Yataro renamed the company to Mitsubishi Commercial Company (Mitsubishi Japanese for three diamond). As conceived by the founder of the logo should symbolize the three principles of the company: social responsibility, honesty, and openness to international cooperation. However, the time would have it, a fair competition and open international collaboration company came immediately. As for social responsibility, the owners and the management corporation for many years interpreted this principle according samurai ideology. Over time, with the continued support of Japanese government, which favored the activities of businessmen loyal samurai, a modest shipbuilding company into a vast holding. History of Mitsubishi Motors as a separate business unit takes the count since 1946, when the post-war occupation, Mitsubishi holding was split into 44 independent companies, of which only 20 have preserved in their names Mitsubishi. Thoroughly battered Mitsubishi learned to live in a new environment. Thus, the company Mitsubishi Motors in the late 1940s and began producing scooters and small three-wheeled vehicles, and then buses, trucks and pickups. In the 50 years the company has to export to Europe, light and medium trucks. Thus, 80 years after its establishment, the company really became open to international cooperation. After the end of the American occupation in 1952, control over the former monopolies in Japan is slightly weakened. Some companies of the former holding company Mitsubishi, managed to reunite. For example, in 1964, merged the three companies, which was broken Mitsubishi Heavy Industry. Other fragments of the former empire formed a sort of community of Mitsubishi Group. This structure is much less centralized than the prewar holding. Under no parent company (its creation is still prohibited by law), but that does not stop the presidents of firms in the group, agree guidelines business. Informal council presidents called Mitsubishi Kinyokai - «The Friday Club". The members of this club are the heads of 28 companies Mitsubishi Group, who meet informally over lunch on the second Friday of each month. "Friday Club" has no legal force, officially it deals only with charity and the definition of "common philosophy" of the group. In fact, the club occasionally smooths the rough edges - that he has to do, when the interests of the companies overlap in the market. However, this aspect of the club not really advertised. The group companies retain some "sister", because they have common shareholders: stocks' big »Mitsubishi after World War II were distributed to employees and since then has been almost half a century passed from father to son without leaving families. Chronicle the achievements of Mitsubishi Motors: 1917 - The first car Mitsubishi Motors model A, which is a lot like the Ford car. 1918 - the company produces the first truck T1, which successfully passed the 1,000-kilometer test for reliability. 1922 - A model on display at obscheyaponskoy Industrial Exhibition. 1924 - begins production of heavy heavy trucks, buses with brand Fuso. For the needs of Tokyo produced garbage and watering machines. 1931 - the company developed the first Japanese diesel direct injection type 450AD. Generally, in the thirties, Mitsubishi constantly create something, "the first in Japan." 1934 - released a prototype of the first Japanese-wheel drive vehicle PX 33. 1935 - The company produced Japan's first diesel buses BD46 and BD43. 1938 - developed a new diesel engine. 1946 - after the devastation caused by the Second World War, the company resumed production of auto-motorcycles. Appeared tricycle scooter Mizushima cargo carrying capacity of 400 kg and three-wheel car commercials, has resumed production of buses. And from 1947. - Bus with an electric motor. 1951 - the company produces T31 truck with air suspension, and T380 was the first Japanese truck with hinged platform. Mitsubishi pickup trucks and are available in full scale, but the European market come only light and medium duty trucks. The most common pickup L200 excels off-road. 1952 - the beginning of bus exports to Thailand. 1959 - arranged production of small-size three-wheel truck Leo. 1960 - the beginning of the rapid growth of the Japanese economy. The level of income of the population, and with it the demand for cars. This year, the company was presented a small car for the mass market Mitsubishi 500, has gained much popularity due to the low price and reliability. 1961-65 years. - Produced Mitsubishi 360 model series, the first four-seater minicar Minica, and then the passenger Colt Model 600, Model 800 Debonair and Colt. These were more than comfortable family car. 1969 - the presentation of the model Colt Galant, which has absorbed all the latest achievements in the field of technology and design. In the same year the car Colt F2-C won the race "JAF Grand Prix Formula Car Race". 1970 - the automotive business brought in more and more tangible results, and the Department of Motor Vehicle Division was reorganized into an independent corporation, Mitsubishi Motors Corporation. Lines appear models Galant and Lancer. Has been greatly expanded research and technological base of production, as well as increased distribution network. Mitsubishi cars are more often wins prizes at various rallies. 1971 - the first demonstration model Minica Skipper, and in 1973 - featuring models Lanser2. 1975 - occurrence model Lanser Celeste. A car Lanser1600GSR won the rally "Safari". 1978-80. - Consistently appear model Mirage (Colt), the second generation model Lanser and pickup L 200 4WD. In 1979. Colt 1400GLX model was awarded "Car of the Year" in the mid-size car class. 1982 - presented the first series of Jeep Pajero (in Spanish-speaking countries, it is sold as the Montero). A year later, Pajero cars have won several prizes at the Paris-Dakar Rally, including the team trophy. 80s. was a decade of Mitsubishi's global expansion in global markets. Also, in this decade created various assembly plants outside Japan, including a joint venture with Chrysler Corporation in Bloomington, USA. 1983. - Mitsubishi cars were equipped with electronic suspension system. Started producing versatile Spase Wagon. 1984 - Mitsubishi Corporation has become the official supplier of vehicles for the Olympic Games in Sarajevo, and in 1987 - for the Universiade in Zagreb. 1988 - new models Colt and Lancer won the race in Germany. Model Galant VR-4 was recognized as "Japan Car of the Year" in 1987-88. 1989-92. - Appear one after the other models and Diamant GTO 300GT, SUV Spase Ranner, model Solt, Lancer, Mirage. Models available suites Debonair. In the 1990s, continued triumphant Mitsubishi Pajero, rally for rally wins. In 1990 the public with its sporty model Mitsubishi 3000GT, became very popular, especially in the U.S., where in 1991 she was awarded a prize as the best import car of the year by the magazine "Motor Trend". Mitsubishi Motors Corporation has also become the largest truck manufacturer in the world. 1994 - Launch of the FTO, and minivan Delica Spase Gear. Start of production of the SUV Pajero Mini. 1995 - began production of the second generation series Diamante, the fifth generation Mirage (Colt) and seventh-generation Lancer, a year later - the second generation of sedans and station wagons Sigma. 1996 - Update Eclipse coupe and production model Shallenger. 1997 - issued FWD Carisma, a collaborative production Mitsubishi and Volvo, collected in the Netherlands. In the same year, made significant changes to the series SUVs Pajero. For them, a new GDI-V6 engine of 3.5 liters. To the public was presented a new pickup Strada L200, created the company in Thailand. Mitsubishi cars have continued to dominate the various races and rallies. 1998 - Mitsubishi manufactures a full range of cars. The end of production of the model Spase Wagon. 2000 - Presentation at the Detroit Motor Show Mitsubishi Eclipse Spyder GT c engine V6 (3.0 liters, 147 hp), the standard equipment which includes a full electric pack, air conditioning, cruise control, traction control and 17-inch alloy drives. In the same year the company introduced a new car Montero Sport 3.5XS - car with exceptional, memorable look and a powerful new 3.5-liter V6 engine. 2001 - a new five-door model Pajero Pinin (previously released only 3-door version), which has a new GDI engine capacity 2n with direct fuel injection, which replaced its 1.8-liter predecessor. Among other advantages should be noted Pajero Pinin 4-band automatic transmission with electronic control, which selects the optimum gear and the time of its inclusion in the mode depending on road and through the Cooperative Management with the engine provides smooth, jerk-free switching. The new model has a high level of active and passive safety.