The beginning of the story refers to the 70-s of the last century. Nikolaus Otto creates Germany's first gasoline engine, but sees his offspring only alternative to steam and gas engines for stationary plants and factories. Fortunately, fate would have it, this gasoline-fueled internal combustion noted Gottlieb Daimler, CTO gas engine factory "Deutz", located near Cologne, and looked at it in a completely new way: Daimler wanted to make a new engine to transport people and goods . Outstanding designer, it was obvious that the gasoline engine, superior power and steam, and gas, a great future in the automotive industry ... However Gottlieb Daimler well conceived and all the challenges it faces in the mass production of internal combustion engines running on gasoline. The main drawback is that it is relatively cheap technology for gasoline in the last third of the nineteenth century did not exist .. but perhaps it could stop such an enthusiast in the field of engine-building, which is the Gottlieb Daimler? He was already obsessed with the car with a gasoline engine. For the same reason Daimler holds a year in Russia, where he studied the possibility of oil and refining it into fuel. On his return to Germany, Daimler invites the factory "Deutz" talented engineer Wilhelm Meybaha as chief designer and puts in his global problem: Consider Otto engine as the engine for vehicles. Moreover, by subjecting all its forces and means the sole purpose of Gottlieb Daimler leaves firm "Deutz" and founded his own company, working at the limit of human capabilities. Fortune finally smiled at him, and the cooperation of Daimler-Meybah brought the first positive results. One of the boats with a gasoline internal combustion engine, which had Meybah, by chance, got to start Mainskaya regatta. From the coast to her boat river police rushed to deal with unregistered participants race boat and Meybah specifically enabling the police to come closer, pulled on his boat from the place, so that the race of the police did not have any chance to meet with infringer. This was the first demonstration of the benefits of a gasoline engine in the vehicle and the first major victory for Daimler. In 1883-1884, the two inventors have already built and tested a series of small in size and relatively powerful for the time of internal combustion engines; in 1885, was designed and built the first motorcycle equipped with a single-cylinder four-stroke engine, and then, in 1886 - the famous "motor carriage" Daimler with the engine installed in the cab. Along with the three-wheel "motor carriage" Karl Benz, "motor carriage" Daimler is the world's first real car, for practical applications. However Meybahu occupied by improving powertrain his patron and partner, wanted to build a better and a high-speed car. Daimler agreed to give him a free hand, and soon a new car with two-cylinder engine with 1.1 l / s "Fenix" was built. Mounted on steel chassis, the new engine was placed in the front, while the rear-wheel drive were. Subsequently, the engine has undergone some changes that allowed to increase its capacity. and the gearbox, designed by the same Meybahom, had a four-speed and the ability to reverse. True, the look of the car is poor - it looked high, angular, with massive wheels ... In 1899, Daimler Providence connects with another fan of gasoline engines. In that year, the Austro-Hungarian consulate in Nice, arrived with his family a new consul - Czech by nationality, Emil Jellinek, one boundless energy and a little eccentric. When he saw one of the cars of Daimler, Consul extremely interested in her and wanted to experience what a car. Learning who manufactures the machines, he went to the factory and quickly found a rapport with the management of the firm. Agreed to buy the party machines, Jelinek mentioned that was not averse to put one of them on the competition. At this point the interests of Daimler and Jelinek closely intertwined. Race results exceeded all expectations - two cars involved in a mountain-Nice race Kastellayn, occupied the first and second place. After such a convincing victory Jelinek finally believed in Daimler car and decided to connect it with his fate. He offered to buy the firm a large shipment of 36 cars, but on certain conditions. First of all, knowing that in a mountain race killed one of the riders, Jellinek demanded some changes in the body structure and chassis: lower center of gravity, to establish a new engine and to achieve an optimal balance the car's weight and engine power. Then an acquaintance with William Meybahom, who designed and made the necessary design changes to the new model. Jelinek also asked to leave his right to name the future of the automobile. Daimler could not immediately agree with it, but then gave up yet - it's going to be a very profitable deal. The car, designed Meybahom, weighed less than its predecessor, was lower and longer and can reach speeds up to 80 km / h. Jelinek, in turn, sold them to the gains in fair trading law and named a new car after his eldest daughter - "Mercedes", which means in Spanish charity. On this occasion Meybah once even eccentric Consul said: "We all invented the" Mercedes "- and he was in this ever right. Soon over happy times Commonwealth Meybaha and Daimler. After his death there was a conflict between the son of Paul and Daimler Meybahom, which was based on a dispute about the advantages of a car carrier. As a result of disagreements Meybah left the company for which you have done so much. Incidentally, there was also unhappy fate Jelinek daughter, Mercedes, - she died in 1929, still relatively young, having been twice married and both times unsuccessfully. Meanwhile, the development and production of vehicles at about the same time as Daimler in Germany is a completely different person, Karl Benz, born in Karlsruhe. More In 1844, he founded "Benz und Ritter", later renamed "Benz Gazmotorenfabrik", which, like the "Deutz", produced a two-stroke gas engines. Relations with partners evolved successfully and Karl Benz 1883-84 to establish his own company's "Benz and Co" (which gave him the opportunity to develop self-engineering ideas, including a gasoline internal combustion engines). For a long time, Benz did not even know about the existence of rival Daimler and his associate William Meybaha; inventors worked independently and almost simultaneously began testing designs created by them. Their ideas were remarkably similar, and the main difference was that the first car was a Benz three-wheeler with rear-wheel drive. In 1885, Benz begins mass production of its "tricycles" (patent dated January 1866), and these cars in the same year appeared on the streets of Mannheim. Benz car had a horizontal single-cylinder engine with 0.8 l / s with water cooling jacket, mounted behind the seats, and the drive to rear-wheel drive was carried out using a belt drive. Entrepreneurial wife of the inventor and his two sons - teenagers in one of the first prototypes "tricycle" 4 August 1888 made a rally from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back a total length of 180 km. After the First World War, the difficulties encountered in the German car market due to the drop in sales, led to the fact that many had not dependent on each other vehicle manufacturers have started to think about the merger in the large concerns. So in 1926, "Deimler Geselschaft" and "Benz und Co" started negotiations on the merger, and the result of their union was trehluchaevaya star, symbolizing the three elements, subordinated machines concern - air, water and land. This official logo of the company Daimler-senior has become common for the new group, and the cars were delivered to the market under the brand name is "Mercedes-Benz". After a few years, all focused on the production car factory in Stuttgart, Daimler and Benz's old factory in Mannheim, where up until the Second World War gathered chassis. Body for them were made in Sindelfingen and from there shipped to Stuttgart and Mannheim. At this time, the most outstanding engineers who have created a name Concern "Deimler-Benz", was Ferdinand Porsche, Hans and Fritz Nallinger Niebel. The result of their efforts are the most exotic cars late twenties - six-cylinder "Mercedes" with a compressor, designed by Ferdinand Porsche. The first production cars were equipped ctosilnym engine that can develop when the supercharger power to 140 hp, then the working volume of the engine was increased to 7 liters, which was the starting point for a sports car "SSK" with engine 170/125 liters. a., and speed limit of these models have already reached about 160 km. / hr. The next stage was improved and shortened version of "SSKL" with an engine capacity of 300 hp - An absolute favorite of the many sporting events of those years. In the first third of the twentieth century the company Mercedes-Benz has established itself as a developer and manufacturer of luxury cars, when Hans Niebel prepared a model "770 Grosser". Under the hood of this giant of hiding a 7.7-liter supercharged engine, so heavy-duty machine for the time enjoyed great demand among senior customers, including the ex-Kaiser Wilhelm - II and Emperor Hirohito of Japan, and the following modification of the vehicle, launched only in 1938-1939, was designed exclusively for the elite of the "Third Reich." It presented an upgraded engine from the model "770 Grosser", with the compressor on developing power of 230 hp plus a new group - a completely new tubular frame and independent front and rear suspension, tested at the race cars. The new "Mercedes" is not only impressed with its impressive size, but also weighed 3500 kg, and fuel consumption was a match dimensions: 30 liters per 100 km. run (Incidentally, that was released only 88 of these machines). Average consumer offer fairly cheap model "Type-170", with a tubular frame, independent front and rear suspension, which began production in 1931. A few years later, the concern was producing the first diesel passenger cars, by offering customers a 2.6-liter "Type A-260" and the design team led by Porsche is ready for production zadnemotoronye model: "130 N", "150 N" and "170 N" that are of great interest (it was released about 90,000 of these machines up to 1942) - a huge number at that time for the automotive market. In addition, the scope of the company expanded. By 1938, concern "Deimler-Benz" has dominated the German market, not only cars, but also trucks and buses, and the development of the V-shaped twelve-engines have become the basis of power "Luftwaffe". So on the eve of World War II "Deimler-Benz" has become the largest car manufacturer in Europe. For post-war reconstruction of the destroyed plants needs valos time, so car production was started only in 1946. The first was the pre-war "Mercedes-170U" with a 38-horsepower engine. After three years in sale of its diesel variant. Among the first new development has become a popular "Mercedes 180" in 1953, with a monocoque body pontoon and more solid series "220" and "300" class sports cars in 1951, led the "300S" with a 6-cylinder engine in a 2996 cc and overhead camshaft, In 1954 came the famous sports car "300SL" with the doors of "gull wing", which had no parallel in the world. The next year was released inexpensive compact sedan "190SL." with a 4-cylinder engine in 1897 cc In 1958, there was a technical revolution - went into production engines with high precision mechanical fuel injection system of the company "Bosch" (Robert Bosch). This allowed for the model "220SE" increase power 2.2-liter 6-cylinder engine with 106 to 115 liters, (then to 120 hp). From that time until 1994, in the designation of many models of "Mercedes-Benz" was the letter "E", ie fuel injection. In 1959, a new family of middle-class cars (factory index "W-111" "), received elegant monocoque body with vertical blocks headlights, a huge luggage compartment and all-wheel independent suspension (model" 220 "," 220S "and" 220SE " .) They have demonstrated the highest technical level of cars of this brand. In 1963 he was shown the model "600" executive class. It is equipped with a 6.3-liter V8 with 250 hp, 4-speed automatic transmission, wheel suspension for comfortable pnevmoelementah. This car has a maximum speed of up to 204 km / h "Mercedes-Benz 600", claiming to be the best car of the world, and produced in the form "Pullman" (Pullman) length of 6240 mm. Sport models in 1963, replaced by the more modest "Mercedes-230SL" (factory designation "W-113") with the original roof (its middle part made just below the sides). Successors "230SL" - cars "290SL/350SL" with factory index "W-107" appeared in 1971 and remained in the program until 1989, when it was replaced by a modern series "SL" ("W-129"). At the Frankfurt Motor Show in 1965, was first shown range of models of so-called S-class ("W-108") - the most prestigious (after the flagship "600") car company at the time. It includes a model "250S" and "250SE" with 6-cylinder engines in the 150 and 170 hp on the technical parameters surpassing competitors. Over time, they have engines of 2.8 liters, and in 1968 - 3,5 - and 4,5-liter VB. The most powerful and comfortable model of this series was extended "300SEL 6,3" with a 6.3-liter V8 producing 250 hp, has a top speed of 220 km / h, this time a series of "S" has become a symbol of technological advances "Mercedes-Benz". In 1972, a new generation of S-class ("W-116"), replaced by in 1979 cars "W-126" with aerodynamically perfect bodies (model of "280S" to "560SEL"). Most mass production company - subcompact cars ("W-110/111") - in 1967, replaced a large series of models (from "200" to "280E", "W-114/115"). This family produced not only with bodies of 4-door sedan, and five-door wagon and two-door coupe and hardtop (with window openings without intermediate columns) were widely popular diesel complete the models. Further development of the steel series "W-123" in 1976 and in the years 1984-1995 "W-124". Last for 11 of his pet issue has been very popular. Were produced over 2.7 million vehicles (models from "200" to "500E"). Cars compact size, from which the company refused to 50s, reappeared only in 1982 ("W-201" "). This series includes models" 190 "in several trim levels with engine displacement of 1.8-2.6 with a capacity of 75-185 hp for 90 years a radical restructuring of the "Mercedes-Benz". companies will present their products in a number of new market sectors. Nevertheless cornerstone of the company's cars are PAO classic layout of series "C" and "E". In 1998, the range of models, "Mercedes-Benz" is vast. Customers are offered dozens of models and modifications of 12 separate series (families). Miniature model of A-class ("W-168") are made since 1997, and act in one of the most popular among Europeans class of machines. These models are equipped with front-engine capacity from 1397 to 1689 SMZ capacity from 60 to 102 hp Together with the Swiss watch company "Swatch" (Swatch) developed urban microcars "Smart" (Smart), 2.5 m long with a 3-cylinder engine 599 cc with 55 hp, which should hit the market before 1999 . However, this car would not be the "Mercedes-Benz". The compact C-class ("W-202") appeared in 1993 and substantially renovated in 1997. Body - 4-door sedan and 5-door station wagon. Engine capacity from 1799 to 4266 cc models from "C 180" to "C43AMG"), power - from 95 to 306 hp Intermediate E-class ("W-210") issued since 1995. A wide range of different types of engines and displacement - from 1998 to 5439 cc capacity from 95 to 354 hp - Attracts a lot of customers (include models from the "E200" to "E55AMG"). Executive S-class ("W-140") is since 1991 (the model of "S290" to "560"). Vehicles equipped with 6 -, 8 - and 12-cylinder engines displacement from 2799 to 5987 cc capacity from 177 to 394 hp In 1998, the car is expected to appear next generation S-Class slightly smaller overall size and weight of a series of "W-220".
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